Ethiopian Berbere

Ingredients	Quantity
Dried red chillies	10
Coriander seeds	½ tsp
Cloves	5
Cardamom seeds	6
Ajowain seeds	¼ tsp
All spice berries	8
Black pepper corns	½ tsp
Fenugreek seeds	½ tsp
Cinnamon	a small piece
Ground ginger	½ tsp

Berbere is rather like Indian masala- a complex blend of spices made to suit the dish and to the taste of the cook. Chillies, ginger and cloves are the staples; other spices vary, and some are not found outside the region. Berbere is used in traditional Ethiopian stews, called wats, and in coatings for foods to be fried.

Heat a heavy frying pan and put in the chilies and other whole spices after 2-3 minutes. Dry roast over a medium heat until they darken, stirring frequently to prevent burning. Leave the spices to cool, then remove the seeds from the chilies and crumble them. Grind everything, including the ginger, to a fine powder, and store in an airtight container for up to 4 months.